Bridge Rubber Bearing
Rubber bearings are critical load-bearing and vibration-damping components widely used in infrastructure and construction projects. Typically made from high-quality elastomers—such as natural rubber, EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), or neoprene—they are often reinforced with steel plates or fiber layers to balance flexibility and structural strength.
Their core functions include three key aspects: first, stably transferring loads from upper structures (e.g., bridge girders, building floors) to foundations, ensuring even force distribution; second, damping vibrations and shocks from earthquakes, vehicle movement, or equipment operation, protecting structural integrity; third, accommodating structural deformations—compensating for displacements and rotations caused by temperature changes or load variations to prevent cracking.
Widely applied in highway/railway bridges, high-span factories, stadiums, subway tracks, and airport runways, rubber bearings offer advantages like easy installation, low maintenance costs, and excellent shock absorption. They are tailored to meet diverse engineering needs, from seismic protection in earthquake-prone areas to noise reduction in urban transit projects.
1. Plate-type Rubber Bearings
Composed of multiple layers of natural rubber and thin steel plates that are inlaid, bonded, and vulcanized. They have sufficient vertical stiffness to stably bear vertical loads and reliably transmit the pressure of the upper structure to the piers and abutments.
The good elasticity can adapt to the rotation of the beam ends, and the large shear deformation meets the horizontal displacement requirements of the upper structure. They are divided into rectangular and circular types by shape, which can meet the shape requirements of different engineering designs.
According to whether they can provide horizontal displacement, they are further divided into polytetrafluoroethylene sliding plate bearings and ordinary rubber bearings. They are widely used in highway, urban bridges, and railway bridges with small and medium spans, especially in bridges with a standard span of less than 20m. They have a simple structure, are easy to install, can save steel, have a relatively low price, are easy to maintain and replace, and have good seismic isolation effects, which can effectively reduce the impact of live loads and seismic forces on buildings.
2. PTFE Plate-type Rubber Bearings
A layer of 2-3mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene plate is pasted on the top surface of the ordinary plate-type rubber bearing, and a stainless steel plate is set at the bottom of the beam. The relative sliding between the two realizes displacement.
In addition to having the vertical stiffness and elastic deformation capacity of ordinary plate-type rubber bearings, which can bear vertical loads and adapt to the rotation of the beam ends, due to the low friction coefficient (μ ≤ 0.03) between polytetrafluoroethylene and the stainless steel plate at the beam bottom, the horizontal displacement of the upper structure of the bridge is not restricted.
Suitable for long-span bridges with a span of more than 30 meters, simply supported beam continuous slab bridges, and multi-span continuous beam bridges, and can be used as movable bearings; in operations such as continuous beam jacking, T-beam traversing, and large equipment sliding, they can also act as sliders. This bearing can meet large expansion and contraction requirements and effectively extend the basic period of the building.
3. Pot-type Rubber Bearings
The structural principle is that the rubber block placed in the sealed steel pot generates a reaction force under three-way stress to bear the vertical load of the bridge. At the same time, the elasticity of rubber is used to meet the rotation of the beam ends, and the horizontal displacement of the upper structure of the bridge is completed through the free sliding between the stainless steel plate welded on the upper seat plate and polytetrafluoroethylene.
They have the advantages of reasonable structure, large bearing capacity, small deformation, large horizontal displacement, flexible rotation, and good buffering performance, making them ideal bearings for building continuous bridges. They are also lightweight, compact in structure, simple in construction, low in building height, easy to process and manufacture, can save steel, and reduce costs.
Common types include GPZ, GPZ (Ⅱ), and GPZ (KZ). According to the application scope, they can be divided into highway bridge pot-type rubber bearings, railway bridge pot-type rubber bearings, etc. Each type is divided into fixed (GD), unidirectional movable (DX), and bidirectional movable (SX) according to the displacement form, which can meet the diverse needs of different bridge projects and are suitable for the construction of long-span bridges.
4. Spherical Bearings
The QZ series spherical bearings are composed of an upper bearing plate, a lower bearing plate, a spherical plate, polytetrafluoroethylene sliding plates (F4, spherical PTFE plates), and rubber retaining rings. The rubber plate in the pot-type bearing is replaced with a spherical PTFE plate to reduce the friction coefficient, and its displacement is realized by the sliding between the upper bearing plate and the planar PTFE plate.
Setting guide grooves or guide rings on the upper bearing plate can restrict the unidirectional or multi-directional displacement of the bearing, and can be made into spherical unidirectional movable bearings and fixed bearings. The rotation angle requirement of the bearing is met through the sliding between the spherical plate and the spherical PTFE plate.
They have the characteristics of reliable force transmission and flexible rotation. They not only have the characteristics of large bearing capacity and large displacement of GPZ pot-type rubber bearings but also can better adapt to large rotation angles. Compared with ordinary pot-type bearings, spherical rubber bearings transmit force through the spherical surface, without the phenomenon of force necking. They have a simple structure, are easy to process, have a low price, consume less materials, have a low structural height, are easy to install and replace, and are widely used in bridge engineering construction, especially in structures with single-column or double-column supports.
Strong Bearing Capacity: Our rubber bearings are carefully designed and manufactured with strict processes, capable of bearing huge vertical loads, providing solid and reliable support for bridges, buildings, etc., and ensuring the stability and safety of the structure. Whether it is a small bridge or a large construction project, you can find rubber bearing products with appropriate bearing capacity.
Good Elasticity and Deformation Capacity: The rubber material itself has excellent elasticity, enabling the rubber bearing to produce appropriate elastic deformation when bearing loads, effectively adapting to the rotation of the beam ends and the horizontal displacement of the upper structure. This good deformation capacity can not only meet the displacement requirements of the engineering structure during normal use but also play a buffering and energy-dissipating role through its own deformation in special cases such as earthquakes, reducing the damage of seismic forces to the structure.
Excellent Durability: Using high-quality rubber materials and advanced production processes, our rubber bearings have excellent durability. They can resist aging, corrosion, and other factors in the natural environment, maintain stable performance for a long time, reduce the frequency of maintenance and replacement, and lower the full-life cycle cost of the project. The product life can be up to 60 years, providing long-term and reliable protection for your project.
Reliable Seismic Isolation Performance: In earthquake-prone areas, the seismic isolation performance of rubber bearings is particularly important. Our rubber bearings can effectively isolate the propagation of seismic waves, reduce the impact of seismic forces on buildings and bridges, and protect the safety of structures and internal facilities. By reasonably designing the parameters of rubber bearings, the natural vibration period of the structure can be adjusted to avoid the dominant period of the earthquake, thereby achieving a better seismic isolation effect.
Bridge Engineering: Whether it is highway bridges, railway bridges, or urban overpasses, rubber bearings are indispensable important components. They can support the self-weight of the bridge and vehicle loads, adapt to the displacement and rotation of the bridge caused by factors such as temperature changes, concrete shrinkage and creep, and earthquakes, ensuring the normal use and structural safety of the bridge. From ordinary bridges with small and medium spans to large cross-sea and cross-river bridges, our rubber bearings have successful application cases.
Construction Engineering: Rubber bearings also play an important role in construction projects such as high-rise buildings, large commercial complexes, and industrial plants. They can be used as foundation isolation devices for buildings, effectively reducing the impact of earthquakes on buildings and improving the seismic performance of buildings. In addition, in some buildings with high requirements for vibration control, such as hospitals and precision instrument factories, rubber bearings can also play a role in shock absorption and noise reduction, providing a good working and living environment for internal equipment and personnel.
Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering: Structures such as dams and sluices in water conservancy and hydropower engineering also need rubber bearings to provide support and adapt to deformation. They can bear huge water pressure and structural self-weight, and at the same time adapt to structural displacement caused by factors such as temperature changes and foundation settlement, ensuring the safe and stable operation of water conservancy and hydropower engineering.
Other Engineering Fields: In addition to the above main fields, rubber bearings are also widely used in other engineering fields such as ports, wharves, airport runways, and large equipment foundations. In these fields, rubber bearings can also exert their functions of bearing, deformation, and seismic isolation, providing guarantee for the smooth construction and long-term use of various projects.
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